Electrical One and Two Family Dwelling Exam Tn
A DIAGNOSTIC Examination: Determiners
Complete each sentence witha/an, the or – (no commodity).
Example: All our towels are made of….-…Egyptian cotton.
1. Ruthless poachers hunt………. elephant for the valuable ivory of its tusks.
ii. Next week I'll be reviewing a stunning new picture. …….. moving-picture show stars Michael Douglas and is directed by Curtis Hanson.
iii. Yesterday evening'southward Nature Scope about …….. dominicus's future worried a large number of viewers.
four. Muhammad Ali was voted ……… greatest sports personality of the twentieth century.
5. Information technology is commonly accepted today that ……….. chocolate-brown bread is adept for you.
6. Many enquiry scientists are inspired by ……………promise of curing diseases by genetic engineering science.
seven. Fewer people attend…….. church building regularly at present than twenty years agone.
8. Julianne studied for seven years to become …….. criminal lawyer.
9. Like many people, I learnt to play……… piano when I was a child, but gave information technology up in my teens.
10. Nosotros recommend that children and teenagers are inoculated against………meningitis.
Underline the right determiner or determiners in each sentence (- = no article). In some cases two may be correct.
Example: None/Some/Both neighbours rushed to the assist of the elderly adult female.
11. It costs £ten a/an/- 60 minutes to hire the squash courtroom.
12. There's a/ the/ – good wine bar in the town centre, isn't there?
xiii. A/ The/- Mr Jones came to see you this afternoon.
xiv. My parents grew up in the 1950s. In the/ these/ those days there was far less freedom than there is now.
fifteen. This/That/A woman I'd never met before came upward to me in the bank and asked if she could borrow £10!
16. It'due south freezing! I've never known a winter -/this/that common cold earlier.
17. Isn't there whatsoever / some/ the way that y'all can ensure delivery tomorrow?
18. Every /All/ Each the children in the school take to take upwards at least one sport.
19. We have asked our retail outlets to render both/both of/some the new models for further inspection.
twenty. Much/A lot / A few depends on the final result of the negotiations.
B GRAMMAR Caption: Determiners
Determiners are words that precede nouns, e.g. manufactures, demonstratives, quantifiers and possessive adjectives. Articles can be a problem area in English for students even at advanced level, especially for those whose ain language has a very different article system. This unit covers articles, demonstratives and quantifiers.
1. ARTICLES
1A. Basic rules
Articles (a/ an, the) precede nouns and some other words in a substantive phrase, e.g.few, little,adjectives. The article is usually the first word in a noun phrase, but annotation:
1. all/ both/ half + the: all the information,both the twins
2. quite / rather /such / what/ half + a/ an:quite a hard problem
We use the indefinite article (a/ an) with singular countable nouns:a garage, an stance.
We use the definite article (the) with atypical countable nouns (the garage), with plural nouns (the latest computers) and uncountable nouns (the purest water). Nosotros can omitthe with uncountable and plural nouns.
1B. Naming, describing and classifying
Nosotros usea/ an when we proper noun or depict something:
That'southward a scarab protrude. 'What'south that?' 'It's an enormous anthill.'
We utilisea/ an when we refer to one example of a class or a species:
An African elephant has larger ears than an Indian elephant.
We utilizetheto refer to the whole grade or species:
The African elephant has larger ears than the Indian elephant.
However, it is more than common to refer to the whole class with the plural:
African elephants have larger ears than Indian elephants.
Note: We do not usea/ anto refer to a whole grade rather than individual examples:
X Ruthless poachers chase an elephant for the valuable ivory of its tusks.
✓ Ruthless poachers chase the elephant for the valuable ivory of its tusks.
✓ Ruthless poachers hunt elephants for the valuable ivory of their tusks.
We can also usethe with an adjective to refer to a class of people :
The homeless will be removed from the streets and placed in hostels.
1C. Known or unknown topic
We employa/ an when the topic (noun) is not known to our listener/reader; we usethe when information technology is known. Therefore, nosotros usually employa/ anfor the first reference to a topic in a text, but and so usethefor subsequent references:
A new travel guide has advised would-be tourists to Morecambe that it is a place to avoid. … The guide paints a bleak – if non third- world – flick.
Nosotros practice non always accept to mention something for it to be known to the listener. We consider that it is known in the post-obit situations:
| state of affairs | case |
| something is unique superlatives the context makes it 'known' | Nosotros are in danger of permanently dissentious the Globe. Muhammad AH is the greatest heavyweight boxer ever. 'Has Edward arrived get?' 'Yes, he's in the dining-room.' (= the dining-room of the house nosotros are in) |
| a defining phrase makes information technology known' a prepositional phrase makes it 'known' | Haven is the Manchester band that shot to fame in the early Encounter me in the café adjacent to the cloak-and-dagger station near my firm |
1D. General and specific
With plural nouns we use either the or no article. Nosotros don't use an commodity when nosotros want to refer to a group or form in general. Compare:
Tourists are ofttimes blamed for changing the character of a place. (= all tourists)
Did you discover what the tourists in the cathedral were doing? (= specific tourists)
It is commonly accepted today that chocolate-brown bread is salubrious.
Did you remember to go the bread out of the freezer?
Nosotros just apply an article before an abstract noun if we wish to make an abstract noun more specific, e.g. to talk about a particular type ofhope.
Ten Information technology is impossible to alive in a world without the hope
✓ Information technology is incommunicable to live in a world without hope (hope in general)
The hope of finding a cure for cancer drives a lot of medical research.
Nouns such every bitchurch building, infirmary, school do non take an article if we recollect of their purpose, i.e. church as a place of worship, or schoolhouse as a place of learning:
Fewer people attend church regularly now than twenty years ago.
Can children get out schoolhouse at fourteen in your country?
If we recall of the concrete place or edifice, we use an article:
The collection for restoring the church has about reached its target.
Is there a school in the village or practice the children have to get to the town?
1E. Other common uses of articles
| A /an | jobs, nationalities and beliefs:I'k a structural engineer. Helmut'south an Austrian. Cat Stevens became a Muslimi numbers:a hundred thousand prices, speeds, etc:2 dollars a kilo, 20km an hr | |
| one: Nosotros tin can utilize these without an article if we put the noun earlier the person's name:Irishman Eddie Hashemite kingdom of jordan has put together a team of bang-up quality and spirit. | ||
| the | some geographical names: plurals (the U.s., the US), areas (the West), mountain ranges (the Pyrenees), oceans or seas (the Pacific Ocean, the Black Body of water), rivers (the Rhone) musical instruments:She plays the violin. the media:All our family piece of work in the theatretwo in some comparative phrases:the more the merrier, all the better in front of superlatives andstart, concluding, next, only, same, right, wrong: the near dangerous profession, the last time, the only ane in measurements:You can buy saffron by the gram. physical environments:I adopt the town to the country. newspapers:the Times, the Herald Tribune, the Dally Mirror dates when spoken:the tenth of May | |
| two: We often usetelevision set, movie house, etc. without an article to refer to the fine art or entertainment form:She works in television. I'm studying motion picture in my final yr. If we refer to a specific item nosotros use the article: Don't put flowers on the tv. Have you seen the new film by Ridley Scott? | ||
| no article | proper names:James, Chris Graham, Mr Jones3 names of almost countries, mountains, lakes:Japan, Mount Everest. Lake Victoria substances, liquids and gases:Cooking oil is simply liquid fat. materials:This blouse is fabricated of silk. political or business roles:Lagos became President of Chile in 2000. send:We're going past rail to London, then past plane. times and seasons:at night, in summer, at dusk4 meal(time)s:Take you had breakfast? Run across you at lunch. sports:She plays both tennis and squash very well. illnesses:He'southward got lung cancer. She'due south had German measles. | |
| 3: We use a/ an if we want to brand a proper noun less specific: A Mr Jones came to see you lot this afternoon. (I don't know which Mr Jones.) We can make a proper name more specific by using the: The Mr Jones with the stutter came to run into you. (The stutter identifies this Mr Jones.) four: Although we don't usually use an article with seasons, it is possible to use the:in the spring/the summer,and note that we employ the with parts of the mean solar day:in the afternoon. Note: We usually use a possessive adjective (non the) to refer to parts of the body: Put your hand up if yous know the answer. | ||
ii. DEMONSTRATIVES
2A. Used as adjectives
We tin use demonstratives,this/that (atypical) andthese/those (plural), as adjectives earlier nouns to refer to someone or something known to both speaker and listener:
I'm not sure which shoes to buy.' 'Well, I think these shoes are lovely.'
| shut | altitude | |
| Space | Exercise you recognise this human being? These parrots can live to over 70. | I've seen that man before. Tin can y'all see those birds in the tree? |
| Time | What are you doing this weekend? In that location'south so much crime these days. | Practice you call up that weekend? At that place were no drugs in those days. |
Nosotros use them to distinguish between close and distant things (in both infinite and time): In very breezy speech we can utilize this or these instead of a/ an or some, often to innovate a topic or outset telling a story:
This woman came upwards to me in the bank and asked if she could borrow …
2B. Used as pronouns or intensifiers
We can utilise demonstratives as pronouns to refer to a noun, a thing or thought:
This is a really wonderful cup of tea. What kind is information technology?
A/ an says he's giving up his job to travel the world. I thinkthat's stupid.
We can use this to talk about a situation that we are experiencing:
This is the worst recession we have seen for more than than ten years.
We can utilize demonstratives as a more than formal alternative to the i(s):
Hundreds of Brixton residents turned out to welcome Tyson to their borough.Those who had bothered were rewarded past a xl-infinitesimal walkabout.
In certain expressions, we tin use this orthat instead ofso to intensify an describing word:
I've never known a wintertimethiscold before. So y'all think you lot'rethat clever, practice you lot?
three. QUANTIFIERS
3A. Common quantifiers and their use
Quantifiers are determiners which describe the quantity of something. Notice the utilise ofof orof theshown in the table:
| quantifier | + atypical noun | + plural noun | + uncountable noun |
| no none of the neither either whatsoever both | neither cat either twin any certificate | I've got no coins. none of the details neither of the cats either of the twins any (of the) documents both (of the) awards2 | I 've got no money. none of the data any (of the) information |
| few/ footling half some several a lot of many/ much almost each every (one of) all | half (of) the job a lot of the briefing most of the holiday each bidder every page4 all (of) the problem | (a) few (of the) sweetsthree half (of) the tasks some (of the) jewels several (of the) episodes a lot of (the) ideas many (of the) chairs most (of the) apples each of the applicants every i of the pages all (of) the issues | (a) petty (of the) waterv half (of) the work some (of the) jewellery a lot of (the) fourth dimension much (of the) furniture most (of the) fruit all (of) the problem |
| one: We ofttimes use quantifiers (except none and a lot) directly before a noun: It is incommunicable to nominate both candidates for the Vice-presidency. With most quantifiers, using of the earlier a plural or uncountable noun changes the meaning of the noun from general to specific: I'd like some jewellery. (general, we don't know which jewellery) I'd similar some of the jewellery. (specific, a detail fix of jewellery) 2: With both we tin omit of before the. Both (of) the candidates believed they had won. 3: For the difference between petty/few and a little/ a few. four: Note the departure between each and every. Both quantifiers describe 'more than one'; we tin employ each to refer to 2 things, simply non every: X She was wearing a fine gold chain on every talocrural joint. ✓She was wearing a fine gold chain on each ankle. But:She was wearing a ring on every finger. | |||
Nosotros ordinarily employ some in positive sentences, any in questions and negatives:
You've got some interesting ideas, but take you got whatsoever money to back them?
We tin can use whatsoever in positive sentences with the meaning 'it doesn't affair which':
Yous won't grab any fish here. Any fisherman will tell yous that.
Note: information technology is possible to use some in questions where we have some expectation that the respond will be positive:
Is some of the data useful? (I expect that a office of it is.)
Is whatever of the data useful? (I have no thought if it is useful or not.)
3B. Quantifiers equally subjects verb.
We can use quantifiers (except no and every) without a noun as discipline of the clause:
The vote was divide: one-half were in favour of the motion, half were against it.
When used as subjects some quantifiers take a atypical verb, and some take a plural Others are used with a singular or plural verb, depending on the noun they substitute or modify. Await at the table.
| always singular | each, either, much Much of the research has already been completed. |
| always plural | both, several, a few, many Some visitors to the new gallery are enthusiastic just many have expressed their disappointment. |
| atypical or plural | any, half, some, a lot. all Some of the information is considered superlative secret. Some of u.s.a. are hiring a minibus to become to the match. 'We can't get many books to the schools in the outback.' 'Don't worry. Whatsoever (books) are amend than none.' |
| 1: The quantifiersneither andnone take a singular verb with plural nouns, though a plural verb is now accepted in speech communication and informal writing: None of the students is/are willing to accept the increment in coursework. | |
C PRACTICE EXERCISE
Q i.
Read this story and fill in the gaps with the correct article:a/ an, the or – (no article). For ane gap you will need a possessive adjective.
I first experienced terror when I was seven. My mother lived in London, but afterwards a cursory liaison with (1)____ soldier from the United States she became significant and fled to (two)____ country. (At that time, fifty years ago, information technology was considered shameful to be a single parent.) A great aunt of hers lived in (3)____ cottage in (iv)_____ Due north Wales, and there she was able to bring me up in (5)____ peace, pretending that she was a widow. (vi)_____ locals were all very friendly to united states of america and accepted us without question, and I had (7)______ blissful childhood.
One twenty-four hour period I arrived home from (eight)_____ school to find my mother clutching (ix)_____telegram, in floods of tears. (10)_______ telegram informed her that her father – my grandfather – had died. His funeral would be in iii days and we had to become to London. I had never been outside (11)_____ village and I was really excited at the thought of going to (12)______ capital city. Then, 2 days later, we boarded a railroad train to London. It was (13)_____ first time I had been on a train and I could barely incorporate (14)_______ excitement of such an adventure. Several hours afterward nosotros arrived. I clutched my mother's hand as we stepped down from the train. (15)________ station was full of people rushing home from (xvi)______ work and information technology was quite dark. Now (17)_____ fear was starting to creep into my heed. And then, of a sudden, nosotros were in (eighteen)_______ street outside the station. I had never seen and then many people, buses and cars, nor heard then much noise. I was terrified. I opened (19)________ oral fissure and the wail that I let escape was one of (20)______ sheer terror.
Q 2.
Complete these brusque sentences with an appropriate article:a/an, the or – (no article).
i He'south got……… asthma.
two The ring is only a band of ………. gold.
three It prints seven pages minute.
4 Let's accept a weekend in ………. mountains
5 She'southward at………. work.
6 It's in Tasman Ocean.
7 Deplorable – it'due south ………. wrong reply.
eight It appeared in ……….New York Times.
9 She'southward always been ………. Catholic.
10 What's for ………. dinner?
xi We're going on a mean solar day trip by ………… coach
12 They're flight to …………. Seychelles.
13 It's ……….. best solution.
14 Can you ski on …………… Mont Blanc?
15 It's quite warm at that place in …………. winter.
16 We all need ……….. oxygen.
17 We've had over …………. dozen applicants.
xviii She works in ………. television.
19 It's all…………… improve if yous can come up early on.
xx He was crowned…………. male monarch.
Q 3.
Complete the dialogue with a demonstrative adjective or pronoun from the box.
this (x3) that (x4) these (x1) those (x2)
ROB What'south on TV tonight, practice you know?
JENNY No. Why don't you wait in the paper yous're reading?
ROB (1)…….. paper doesn't have TV listings.
JENNY Oh, right. Well try (2)………. one on the shelf, over there.
ROB OK … yeah, permit's see. There'south cipher much on (3)…….. days at all, is there? It's all soaps and detective series.
JENNY Mmm. I thought in that location was ever a serious documentary on Tuesday evenings. (4)…….. one last calendar week on homelessness was really interesting.
ROB Yes, you lot're right. There's i on travellers. Heed. (5)………. is awful. 'Although landowners may lose income while travellers are on their country, at that place is no fast route to evicting them. (6)……… who get through the courts often accept to have out more than one injunction earlier the affair is settled.'
JENNY Well, what exercise you expect? The travellers need somewhere to live, like the residuum of usa. The government should requite them land.
ROB (7)……….'south no solution, is it? They desire to travel, not to settle.
JENNY How do you lot know? There was (8)……… story in my mag most travellers from years ago and the encampments they made – they were allowed to settle down then.
ROB Yeah, but in (9)…….. days in that location was more than costless land. Land is (10)………..valuable today, people use every chip of it and don't want travellers on their country.
JENNY Mmm, well why don't nosotros plow the Tv on and find out what the documentary says?
Q 4.
Match 1 of the sentences or beginnings of sentences in each pair (1-8) with a continuation of the judgement or conversation from the list below (A-l).
C It'due south a basic homo correct.
D You merely accept to shop around.
East Information technology's the tallest type of tree in the world.
F She took journalism and media studies.
G You know, the i where Chris works.
H Yous know, the one that we couldn't get final week.
I I've never come up across 1 so talkative earlier!
0
a Let'southward come across in a vino bar.
b Let'southward come across in the wine bar. ==> …. b …. + ….. One thousand ….
i
a My sister went to university.
b My sister went to the university
2
a The cat communicates a lot of desires and emotions.
b This cat communicates a lot of desires and emotions.
iii
a Dr Richards chosen to speak to you.
b A Dr Richards called to speak to you.
4
a People shouldn't exist denied freedom.
b People shouldn't be denied the freedom …
v
a A giant redwood once grew to over 70 metres.
b The behemothic redwood can abound to more than lxx metres.
half dozen
a Permit's get a video out tonight.
b Permit'south go that video out this night.
7
a Y'all can pay a lot less for a machine these days.
b You could pay a lot less for a car in those days.
8
a This is an interesting specimen.
b That's an interesting specimen.
Q v.
For each of these questions, either 1 or two alternatives (A-C) are correct. Circle the messages ofall the right alternatives.
1 I oasis't seen ______ of those films, so I don't mind which 1 nosotros become to.
A any B no C either
2 You shouldn't slouch like that. It puts ______of pressure on i hip and leg.
A much B a lot C all
3 At this stage______ information would have been a stride In the correct direction.
A little B some C whatsoever
4 The Fitness Room would like to invite ________ of its patrons to enter the annual fitness challenge.
A all B every C some
v _______ witnesses responded to the constabulary entreatment after the accident.
A No B None C Any
half-dozen _______ of the women who attended the demonstration was willing to give us an Interview.
A No B None C Many
7 We would like to add that _______ medallion is inscribed with the name of its lucky owner.
A each B every C either
8 Merely _______ of the news today has been about the election.
A half B a little C a few
9 We guarantee that _______ particular of the dinner service will be replaceable for a period of 10 years.
A each B every C all
ten Nosotros are delighted to exist able to welcome _______ the competition winners to the gala evening.
A both B either C all
Q 6.
Complete the article with the words from above each paragraph. (- = no article)
a all the the the The this your – –
FOOD FRIGHTS
Planning a big day out this summer? It's not just the rides that could turn your stomach!
The risk of nutrient poisoning should exist the last affair on (1)…. mind when you're enjoying a serenity mean solar day out (2)….. summer. But, in (3)….. UK, there were around 95,000 reported cases of (iv)…. nutrient poisoning in (5)….. last year alone – a four-fold increase on the number of reported cases just ten years ago.
We checked food prophylactic at 13 of our top tourist attractions. We tested the food on offer and inspected hygiene standards at restaurants, cafes and kiosks on site. Standards were generally poor. About (6)……. third of the 65 nutrient samples nosotros bought tailed to come across satisfactory microbiological guidelines. Sandwiches came out worst — in five of (7)…….. 25 samples we bought we plant food-poisoning bacteria. But, to guess from our inspections, the results are not that surprising. But one in seven food outlets passed (8)……… of our inspection criteria. (9)…………….majority of issues nosotros came beyond were staff-related, and showed a lack of training in (x)………..nutrient safety.
each half most the the these these This – –
What we constitute
At (xi)………….. tourist attraction nosotros bought a selection of sandwiches and other food products. Our tests revealed specific food-poisoning bacteria in five of (12)……….. sandwiches. High levels of other general bacteria were too found in more than (13)………. of the sandwiches – while (14)……….. leaner don't make you lot sick, they practise point to (15)………… poor hygiene practices.
Five sandwiches contained food-poisoning bacteria at levels that are not satisfactory co-ordinate to guidelines. (16)……………could cause food-poisoning – (17)……….. children, elderly people and pregnant women are particularly vulnerable. Nosotros've informed (18)…………… nutrient outlets and tourist attractions concerned; (19)……………(but non all) accept taken positive activeness as a consequence of (20)………….agonizing findings.
Q vii.
Read the following text. In most lines there is an unnecessary word, a word missing or an incorrect word. For each numbered line (1-23), place the mistake and write the correct word in the infinite on the correct. Some lines are correct. Indicate these with a tick (✓). The exercise begins with three examples.
Magnum past and nowadays
0 Magnum is a co-operative of nearly lx photographers with offices in New✓
00 York, London, Paris and Tokyo. A co-operative was founded in 1947 by …. A => The
000 photographersthe Robert Capa, Henri Cartier-Bresson. George Rodger and the
1 David Seymour. All them had been involved in the 2d World War.
two Rodger had walked hundreds of miles through forest to escape Japanese
iii in the Burma. And Seymour received a medal for his work in American
4 intelligence.
5 However, all of founders of Magnum had been photographers for
6 some time. Photographic work they were famous for dated back further.
vii Capa's photos of the Spanish Ceremonious war were called 'finest pictures of
viii front end-line action ever taken.'
9 They all appreciated an importance of showing the earth what really
ten happens during this major conflicts and earth crises, so they decided to
11 produce the all-time documentary photography at this fourth dimension. Cartier-Bresson
12 once commented 'Some photographers tell the news step by the step as
13 if making an accountant'south statement.' He and Magnum, on the other hand,
14 felt that the news had to be shown in that style that would appoint almost
xv the people who are unable to experience world-changing events at kickoff-manus.
16 Tragically, within a decade of the start of Magnum, the one-half of its original
17 founders died while roofing other wars. Still, agency had started to
18 employ other elevation-form photographers and its work was certain to go along.
19 Today, Magnum is some goal for many young photographers. Information technology still
20 produces the finest documentary photographs of globe events. Recent
21 coverage has included the events in Balkans and the tribal wars in East
22 Africa, and while Magnum photographers encompass these events, we will all be
23 able to appreciate both best and worst of humanity.
D Respond KEY FOR DIAGNOSTIC Test
1 the
2 The
3 the
4 the
5 –
6 the
7 –
8 a
nine the
10 –
11 an
12 a
13 A/-
14 those
fifteen This/A
16 this
17 whatsoever/ some
18 All
19 both/ both of
20 Much/ A lot
East ANSWER KEY FOR PRACTICE EXERCISE
Q 1.
| ane a 2 the iii a four – 5- | 6 The seven a 8 – 9 a 10 The | xi the 12 the 13 the 14 the 15 The | 16 – 17 – 18 the/a 19 my 20 – |
Q 2.
| 1 – ii – iii a 4 the v – | 6 the 7 the viii the 9 a 10 – | eleven – 12 the thirteen the 14 – 15 -/ the | 16 – 17 a 18 – nineteen the 20 – |
Q 3.
1 This
2 that
3 these
4 That
5 This
6 Those
7 That
eight this
ix those
ten that
Q four.
1 a+F
2 b+ I
iii b+A
4 a+C
5 b+Due east
6 b+H
7 a+D
viii b+B
Q five.
| 1 A, C 2 B three B, C 4 A, C 5 A | half dozen B 7 A, B 8 A, B 9 A, B 10 A, C |
Q 6.
| ane your 2 this 3 the iv – 5 the 6 a 7 the 8 all 9 The 10 – | 11 each 12 the xiii half 14 these 15 – 16 This 17- 18 the 19 almost 20 these |
Q 7.
one All them => All of them
two Japanese => the Japanese
3 the Burma => Burma
four ✓
5 of-founders =>» of the founders
half-dozen Photographic work => The photographic piece of work
7 finest pictures => the finest pictures
viii ✓
ix an => the
ten this => these
11 this => that
12 step past the step => footstep by step
13 ✓
14 that way => a way
fifteen about-the people => almost of the people
16 the one-half => half
17 agency => the agency
18 ✓
19 some goal => the goal
20 ✓
21 in Balkans => in the Balkans
22 ✓
23 best => the best
Advanced Grammar for IELTS: Discourse
Source: http://ieltsdaljeet.com/advanced-grammar-for-ielts-determiners/
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